How does the physical separation method using a semipermeable membrane work?

The physical separation method using a semipermeable membrane operates by allowing certain gas molecules to pass through while restricting others. This process often relies on creating a pressure difference, resulting in a flow of gas from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure. By utilizing a vacuum on one side of the membrane, this method effectively pulls gases through the membrane based on their molecular characteristics, such as size or solubility.

This approach is advantageous for separating components in gas mixtures, as the membrane selectively allows passage, leading to a concentration of desired gases on one side while preventing unwanted gases from crossing. Such a process has practical applications in medical gas systems, air separation, and various industrial processes, ensuring a controlled extraction of specific gases without the need for complex chemical reactions.